tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24991152010780272462024-03-19T04:57:50.368-07:00Contaminación mineraSG Del Castillohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990536681151098880noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2499115201078027246.post-4113557108274368662010-06-17T19:37:00.000-07:002010-06-17T19:39:25.382-07:00¿De qué manera la minería provoca cambios en las áreas naturales?<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSEBAST%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="Edit-Time-Data" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSEBAST%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso"><!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape 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Y hay un gran movimiento de tierras para su desarrollo, se destruyen los bosques y afecta el hábitat natural de la flora y fauna de la Oroya.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0030__x0020_Imagen" o:spid="_x0000_s1027" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="bosque_selva_amazonia_tm_1.jpg" 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mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p>La primer <strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">consecuencia</span> </strong>de esta contaminación repercute en la vegetación, las <a href="http://www.femenino.info/26-03-2007/hogar/las-plantas-alegran-y-dan-vida"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">plantas</span></a> se degradan y se reduce considerablemente la variedad de especies, las que aun sobrevivan presentarán aspectos débiles y su proceso natural se dará con dificultad.</p> <p>De esta misma absorción de contaminantes a la <strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">flora</span> </strong>las consecuencias se extienden a la fauna que la consume. Los daños que puede sufrir el hombre bien pueden ser entonces en base a la ingestión o al contacto dérmico con estas sustancias, pudiendo provocar casos de intoxicaciones por metales pesados, por ejemplo.</p> <p>Un suelo contaminado dificulta el desarrollo de la vida de la <strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">fauna</span></strong><b style="">,</b> sin existir alimento ni agua limpia, las especies migran o sufren daños irremediables en su cadena de procreación. Con este proceso se sufre entonces lo que se llama “degradación paisajística” y por ende una “perdida en el valor del suelo”, las actividades agropecuarias se detienen, la fauna desaparece y la tierra queda inútil.</p> SG Del Castillohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990536681151098880noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2499115201078027246.post-77491198651434974662010-06-17T18:59:00.000-07:002010-06-17T19:05:32.984-07:00Principales metales tóxicos en la mineríaEl plomo:<br />Produce fiebre, ataques hepáticos, problemas digestivos, problemas nerviosos, etc. a corto plazo y produce problemas de comportamiento (ansiedad, agresividad, etc.) vértigos, problemas de memoria, dolores de cabeza y abdominales a largo plazo.<br /><br />El mercurio:<br />Produce problemas digestivos severos, bloqueo de los riñones y del hígado, estado comatoso. 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mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Los <span style="">metales pesados</span> son un grupo de </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemento_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Elemento químico"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">elementos químicos</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> que presentan una </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densidad_%28f%C3%ADsica%29" title="Densidad (física)"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">densidad</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> relativamente alta y cierta </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicidad" title="Toxicidad"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">toxicidad</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> para los seres Humanos.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Los metales pesados tóxicos más conocidos son el </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurio_%28elemento%29" title="Mercurio (elemento)"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">mercurio</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">, el </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomo" title="Plomo"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">plomo</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">, el </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmio" title="Cadmio"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">cadmio</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> y el </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talio" title="Talio"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">talio</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">. También se suele incluir un semimetal como es el </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars%C3%A9nico" title="Arsénico"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">arsénico</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> y, en raras ocasiones, algún no metal como el </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenio" title="Selenio"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">selenio</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">. A veces también se habla de contaminación por metales pesados incluyendo otros elementos tóxicos más ligeros, como el </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berilio" title="Berilio"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">berilio</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> o el </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminio" title="Aluminio"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">aluminio</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">.<o:p></o:p></span></p> SG Del Castillohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990536681151098880noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2499115201078027246.post-38088950371239652982010-06-17T18:48:00.001-07:002010-06-17T18:48:50.288-07:00El 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mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Se denomina <span style="">saturnismo</span> o <span style="">plumbosis</span> al envenenamiento que produce el </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomo" title="Plomo"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">plomo</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> (Pb) cuando entra en el cuerpo humano. Es llamado así debido a que, en la antigüedad, los alquimistas llamaban "<a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomo" title="Plomo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">saturno</span></a>" a dicho elemento químico. Se denomina <span style="">saturnismo hídrico</span> al que se produce a través del agua ingerida, pues el plomo, mineral inoxidable muy maleable, no confiere gusto al agua ni a los alimentos. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Esta enfermedad es peligrosa pues puede generar amenia, debido a que el plomo en la sangre bloquea la síntesis de </span><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobina" title="Hemoglobina"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">hemoglobina</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> y altera el transporte de oxígeno a la sangre y hacia los demás órganos del cuerpo; además esta enfermedad produce alucinaciones y hace que el enfermo sea muy agresivo.<o:p></o:p></span></p> SG Del 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mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal">La minería en su conjunto produce toda serie de contaminantes (gaseosos, líquidos y sólidos) que van a parar al suelo. esto ya sea por depósito a partir de la atmósfera como partículas sedimentarias o traídas por las aguas de lluvia, por el vertido directo de los productos líquidos de la actividad minera y metalúrgica, o por la filtración de productos del entorno minero.<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Además, la minería afecta al suelo por los deslaves mineros, los residuos que se dejan y por lo tóxicos que son los minerales que se emplean en ésta. 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mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="ES-TRAD">El proceso de sorción puede definirse como la interacción de una fase líquida con una sólida, y comprende en el detalle tres mecanismos: adsorción, precipitación superficial y absorción. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="ES-TRAD">1 La adsorción consiste en la acumulación de una especie del líquido (adsorbato) sobre la superficie de una fase sólida (adsorbente). Es un proceso complejo, en el que se establecen fuerzas de asociación entre ambos componentes de muy diverso tipo.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="ES-TRAD">2 La precipitación superficial consiste en la formación de un precipitado cristalino sobre el sólido, que puede tener su misma u otra composición.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="ES-TRAD">3 La absorción implica la incorporación<span style=""> </span>de la o las fases dentro del sólido, de forma más o menos uniforme en la estructura cristalina. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="ES-TRAD"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> SG Del Castillohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990536681151098880noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2499115201078027246.post-71142007939480907442010-06-17T16:47:00.000-07:002010-06-17T16:49:16.557-07:00¿Cómo afecta la contaminación al suelo?El suelo es, por principio, el sitio donde van a parar gran parte de los desechos sólidos y líquidos de cualquier actividad humana. Indiquemos no obstante, que los suelos son también el receptáculo de los deshechos no deseables de origen geológico, por ejemplo, de las aguas ácidas con metales pesados provenientes de mineralizaciones sulfuradas aflorantes.<br /><br />Todo lo que no es de utilidad en los procesos industriales, mineros, urbanos, agrícolas, etc., se acumula en el suelo, en general sin mayores precauciones. Con ello, la escombreras mineras, los productos producidos en una fábrica, muchos desechos líquidos, se han venido depositando sobre los suelos sin control alguno a lo largo de siglos e incluso milenios.<br /><br />En definitiva, las actividades industriales y mineras por un lado, y las agrícolas por otro, han dado origen al problema de que muchos productos de origen humano, o formados gracias a las actividades humanas, han ido a parar a los suelos, generando a su vez otros problemas: la contaminación de aguas subterráneas, la bajada de productividad agrícola, la contaminación de cultivos, y el envenenamiento de ganado, afectando de forma directa, y en mayor o menor grado en casa caso, a la economía y a la salud humanas.SG Del Castillohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990536681151098880noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2499115201078027246.post-42504139350333693552010-06-17T16:08:00.000-07:002010-06-17T16:42:14.834-07:00Conflictos por la minería en el Perú<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyTJhQBOBpKARm194IP146XWv7OH1pFsrK0JhRVMc-RB1o3f5IyetamdQnT5gCdK9B8zi8dKV1SS35aVVRaUw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe>SG Del Castillohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990536681151098880noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2499115201078027246.post-56231335466419423542010-06-16T17:51:00.000-07:002010-06-16T18:12:04.194-07:00Contaminación minera en Argentina<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxFTl6flBCh62IgpYLLbPSnwsOEHvvFOFXS94ub8qKC7HFjO4wfAuSZAPxGfbi7R1CX0AIsp8JAQ1CQKTvHEw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe>SG Del Castillohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990536681151098880noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2499115201078027246.post-69385566337250719452010-06-16T16:39:00.001-07:002010-06-16T16:54:42.290-07:00Contaminación minera: el caso La Oroya<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyRCo_jj4KqOeYs2o4k2sNClzhf3LezTvxzLUDjYRNHJy5td0AW-izrpTXs6Sew84zCeKJPzlkhP2srxms_Gg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe>SG Del Castillohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06990536681151098880noreply@blogger.com0